The Effect of Low-Fat Diet on Absorption of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Dyslipidemic Children (Age From 6-12 Years)

Authors

1 Bachelor’s degree in economics (Major Nutrition and Food Science), Home Economics, Helwan University, Dietitian at Cairo University children Hospital.

2 Professor of Nutrition, Nutrition and Food Science Department Former Dean of Faculty of Home Economics Helwan University

3 Prof. Environmental Science for Nutritional Chemistry and Metabolism, National Nutrition Institute

4 Pediatric Clinical Nutrition Consultant, Cairo University Fellow of Pediatric (GOTHI)

Abstract

Background: Dyslipidemia in children is associated with abnormal lipid metabolism and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This study investigates the serum levels of fat-soluble vitamins A, E, and D, and determines the prevalence of deficiencies in children with dyslipidemia following a low-fat diet.  Methods: The study, conducted at Cairo University Children Hospital between September 2022 and October 2023, included 35 children aged 6-12 years diagnosed with dyslipidemia. These children adhered to the CHILD-2-LDL diet for over 6 months. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, and serum lipid profiles were collected. Serum levels of vitamins A, E, and D were measured using HPLC and immunoassay methods. Results: The dyslipidemia group included 16 males (45.7%) and 19 females (54.3%), with a mean age of 10 years. The lipid profile showed total cholesterol (364.1 ± 198 mg/dl), LDL cholesterol (225.6 mg/dl), and triglycerides (368.1 mg/dl), and HDL cholesterol (36.8 ± 25.2 mg/dl). Vitamin D levels were significantly low (15.7 ± 5.7 ng/ml), indicating a deficiency. While vitamin A and E levels were within normal ranges, dyslipidemia patients exhibited a trend toward low vitamin A levels. Conclusion: Children with dyslipidemia demonstrated significant lipid abnormalities and vitamin D deficiency. These findings underscore the importance of dietary interventions and supplementation to address nutritional deficiencies and improve lipid profiles, thereby reducing cardiovascular risks in pediatric dyslipidemia patients.

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