Effect of Cichorium intybus L leaves and Spirulina plantensis Algae powder against Osteoporosise in Female Rats induced by Dexamethasone

Osteoporosis is a multifactorial skeletal disease characterised by a loss of bone mass and alteration of bone tissue's microarchitectural integrity. The current study looked at the effects of Cichorium intybus L (CH) leaves and Spirulina plantensis algae (SP) powder on Dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis in female rats (DEX).Dried SP algae had a larger amount of protein and fat than CH leaves, according to chemical analysis. On the other hand, CH leaves, were distinguished by a higher percentage of carbohydrates, fibre, ash, and moisture than dried SP algae.Dried SP algae and CH leaves powder were also high in calcium and phosphorus (1341.561.29 and 887.002.0mg/100g)and(295.141.10and1871.0mg/100g),respectively.Forty-eight non-pregnant female albino rats were divided into two groups: the first main group (8 rats) was fed a basal diet (B.D.) and served as a negative control (-ve), and the second main group (40 rats) was injected intramuscularly with DEX at a dose (7 mg/kg b.wt.) once weekly for four weeks to cause osteoporosis, then divided into five subgroups of eight rats each:As a positive control (+ve), group (2) was fed a basal diet, group (3) was fed a B.D. containing 4% dried SP algae, group (4) was fed a B.D. containing 6% dried SP algae, group (5) was fed a B.D. containing 5% CH leaves powder, and group (6) was fed a B.D. containing 10% CH leaves powder.When compared to the positive control group, all osteoporosis groups treated with CH leaves powder (5 and 10%) and dried SP algae (4 and 6%) had significant decreases in liver enzymes, kidney function, calcium and phosphorus in bone, ionised calcium, bone mineral density, and bone mineral content assay.The best results were obtained in groups treated with 10% CH leaves powder and 6% dried SP algae.After two months, x-rays and histopathology of the positive control group revealed bone loss in various parts such as the fibula, tibia, and femur, as well as bone demineralization and osteoporosis.In comparison to the positive control group, these findings revealed that CH leaves powder and dried SP algae treated degrees of osteoporosis.